Commissioned by Friedrich Wilhelm II in the 1700s to represent peace, the Brandenburg Gate has become one of Berlin's most recognisable and photographed landmarks. Originally built as a customs post, the gate was an integral part of the Berlin Wall and remained locked for the duration of the Communist rule. When the wall that was once the boundary between East and West Berlin was knocked down, the gate became an important symbol of German reunification and it is the only one out of 18 such gates that now remains. Designed in 1791 by Carl Gotthard Langhans, a detailed sculpture of the beautiful goddess Victory resides at the top of the structure.
In the 1900s this was one of the busiest squares in the whole of Europe and when the Berlin Wall was built it had a platform that allowed Westerners to look over the wall and into the eastern part of the city. After many years of neglect, recent restoration and renovation have created a wonderful new, vibrant area, full of shops, bars, cafés, restaurants and many other venues for entertainment. Once again it is a thriving square and is rapidly becoming the heart of the city. There are many modern constructions and the Sony Centre has a large, contemporary roof that resembles a sail. For some of the best views in the city, visit Panorama-Point, which is situated at the very top of the tall Kollhof building. A lift is available and it is thought to be the fastest lift in Europe. The Potsdamer Platz is easy to reach by either U-Bahn, S-Bahn or bus.
This beautifully restored palace was originally commissioned over 300 years ago by the future Queen Sophie Charlotte. In the early 19th century extra details and interesting features were added by Karl Friedrich Schinkel. Inside the palace there is a small collection of romantic paintings. Outside, the Schloss Charlottenburg is surrounded by stunning gardens, which are well worth a visit, opening from dawn until dusk.
Built in the 16th century, this ancient fortress is surrounded by a moat and is now the oldest building in Berlin that is not religious. Guided tours of the Spandau Citadel are available at the weekend, but only by advanced request, and this is an interesting way to learn about the history of the structure. There are many Jewish gravestones that are built directly into the fortress wall. It is situated near to the River Havel and overlooks the small town of Spandau. This is a charming area of the city and is well worth a visit.
The Unter den Linden is a long avenue that stretches 1 mile / 1.5 km from the Brandenburg Gate (Brandenburger Tor), one of Berlin's most recognisable landmarks, to the Schlossbrücke. Before it was developed as a showpiece road, Unter den Linden was just a simple riding path that connected the Tiergarten to the Berliner Stadtschloss. The enormous linden trees were planted in the 17th century, but the striking blend of neoclassical and baroque structures continued to be built for another 100 years. With heavy damage in the war, much of the architecture in this splendid avenue now reflects postwar tastes and the eastern part has been beautifully restored. Some of Berlin's most treasured and important buildings lie on this road and these include the German State Opera (Deutsche Staatsoper) and the German Historical Museum (Deutsches Historisches), which is housed in the Arsenal (Zeughaus).